Vapor generator



R. v. JONES ETA-L:

- VAPOR GENERATOR Filed May 13, 1943 Marh 5, 1946.

3 Sheets-Shet 1 'INVENTORS Poe's-er K .JZwzzs. 47 ALBEETC P1572 5 Mzirch 5, 1946. RV. JONES ErAL 1 VAPORGENERATOR a Sheets-Sheet ,2

1 INVENTORSI I ALBEET C. F0572:

Filed lgay 13,- 1943 Patented Mar. 5, 1946 VAPOR GENERATOR Robert V. Jones, Woodridge, Albertv 0. Foster, Westfi'eld, and Edward R. Kilsby; Elizabeth, N. 3., assignors to Foster Wheeler Corporation; New York, N. Y., a corporationof New York Application May 13, 1.94s,v Serial- Nor-486,810

16 Claims;

This. inventionrelates to: apparatus for the-genoration of vaporand, more particularly, to the separation: of liquid and vapor in vapor generating apparatus: having, a vapor and liquid drum.

The invention provides a vapor andxliquiddrum having a plurality of weirs dividing the interior of? the drum below the normal water line into separate sections, into one. or more of which are discharged feed liquid and vapor and liquid, or liquidsepa-rated from. a vapor and liquid mixture from vapor generating, tubes. In one instance; the vapor flows from the aforesaid sections and is withdrawn from the drum, while the liquid separated from the vapor together with the feed liquid flow into another section from which it is passed to downcomer tubes for the vapor generating section or sections, thereby insu-ring vapor free liquid for the downcomers. Drums embodying the invention are of simplified construction and provide means for controlling the quality of vapor leaving the drum, for controlling the temperature of the liquid entering the downcomers, and for controlling the direc tionof circulation of the liquid in the drum. The liquid concentrate entering the downcomers of the vapor generating apparatus is also controlled and Stratification of suspended solids in the liquid is prevented in drums constructed in accordance withthe present, invention. The invention will be understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part-thereof and in which Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the vapor and; liquid:v drum embodying one form of the invention;

Fig. 2 is. a transverse sectional view taken. on the-lineI-Z of Fig. 1;.

Fig; 3 is a longitudinal sectional view taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2, and.

Fig. 4; is a plan view in. section taken on the line l4-of Fig. 3;

Like characters. of reference refer to the same or. similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, .thereference character it designate an elongated, steam and water drum. the oppositeendsi II and, H of which are curved outwardly. The drum is supported on girders l3 mounted; on supports it. As shown, the interior of'the drum is divided into three sections; an. end: section: i5, an intermediate section lfi and an end. section H by weirs i8 and; IS; The weirs are: substantially semi-circular to con.- form: to: the inner wall of. the drum. Weirs; I8 and i9: extend transversely'o-f the drum and are mounted on lugs 20 so-thatthe periphery of: each weir is\spacedslightly from the inner Wall oi? the drum. The space: 20- between! the periphery of eachweir and. theinner. wall! of the drum-is oi a dimension'to permit the passage of. only asmall quantity of liquid therethrough; The weirs are longitudinally spaced in the drum. and extend: up wardly' to a point short of the axis of the-drum: which. point is beneath: the normal water level WL. Lugs 20, to which the weirsare wcured, are welded or otherwise fastened, to the: inner wall of the drum.

Feed water is introduced. intothe end portions 15' and I! through a feed pipe 2 which extends longitudinally of:v the drum: adjacent the bottom thereof. The pipe: 21 passes? through the; weirs l8- and. i9, and has a plurality of perforations 22 inthe upper portion of the pipe: in sections l5 and H so that feed water will be'discharged into saidsections. Thefeed pipezl i'ssin communication with a sourceof teedz-water-supply through a conduit 22 which is connected-1 tothe feed pipe substantially intermediate the opposite ends thereof.

Steam and water from: the same or another source of steamgeneration is discharged: into separators disposed in the upper. portion of. the drum adjacent theendcompartments I 5 and IT. The riser tubes 25- are connected to one sidev of the drum l0 adjacent endection l5- and above the normal water level. WL. The: separator 26 into which the tubes 25: discharge comprises an end member 2! on the'endi of the separator toward the interior of. the drum and away from the adjacent end of the drum. One side edge of the end member" abuts against the inne wallof the drum and the end: member is secured to the drum by lugs 30.. Arr impingement: plate 29. is secured at the opposite ends thereof in: spaced relationship to thefinner wall of the drum by lugs 30; The impingementplate 29 extends-between the; discharge end; of the: tubes; 25 and: the interiorof' the drum so: that the: steam discharged from thetubesimpingeagainstithaplate;29. The

end membe 2-1 closesthespace between'the -plate Steam andwaterfrom' one source of. steam gen- 29 and the inner wall of the drum and the plate 29 extends outwardly at the top thereof to form a top portion 3i which abuts against the inner wall of the drum. In drums of great length. it

may be desirable to omit the end plate 21. The impingement plate 29 projects below the normal water level WL so that water separated from the stream in the separator 25 will be discharged into the end section l and steam will enter the drum only through the open end of the separator. Riser tubes 32 are connected to the drum 50 at the opposite end of one side thereof adjacent to is secured at opposite ends thereof in spaced relationship to the inner wall of the drum by the lugs 36. The impingement plate 3'! extends downwardly into the end section. I? of, the drum to a point below the normal water level therein. The plate 3'! extends outwardly at the top to abut against the inner wall of the drum. The separator is open at the end thereof adjacent the end of the drum. If desired. the end member{ 35 of the separator may be omitted.

The drum II! has a steam outlet 39 in the central portion of the top thereof which ou let is in communication with a dry pipe 40. Dry pipe 40 is of usual construction comprising a longitudinally extending member 4! which is substantially U-shaped in cross-section and is closed at the opposite ends 42 and 43 and at the too thereof. Steam enters the dry pipe from the interior of the drum through a plurality of perforations 44 in the substantially flat top portion of said pipe. The dry pipe is secured to the interior of the drum by brackets 45. Downcomer connections 45 are in communication with the central section [6 of the drum at the bottom thereof.

As shown, the water in the drum is chemically treated in sections [5 and IT. The chemicals are delivered to the end sections by means of a chemical feed pipe '41 which extends longitudinally in the drum adjacent the feed pipe 2! and passes through the weirs l8 and IS, the chemicals being discharged from said feed pipe into the section I5 through the perforations 48 and into the section I! through the perforations 49. The chemical feed pipe 41 is connected in the central portion thereof to a conduit 50 which is in communication with a chemical supply.

Water in the drum maybe withdrawn for analysis through a sampling tube 5! in communication with a container 52 in the center compartment l5 of the drum. The container is held in position by brackets 54 secured to the V the'steam. Separated water flows downwardly along the impingement plates 29 and 31 and from the separators 26 and 33 into the end sections I5 and H respectively. The steam separated from the water in the separator 26 flows from the separator at the open end thereof and impinges against the curved end I! of the drum reducing the velocity of the steam. Impingement of the steam on the curved end section causes the steam to be subjected to centrifugal action thereby removing any moisture still entrained in'the steam. The curvature of the end of the drum causes the direction of flow of the steam to be reversed while the separated moisture flows downwardly along the curved surface into the end section l5. The

steam separated from the water in the separator 33 flows from said separator at the open end thereof and impinges against the curved end l2 of the drum causing a further separation of steam and water, the water passing into the end section I! while the direction of flow of the steam is reversed by impingement against the curved end l2 of the-drum. The steam from the separators 26 and 33, after impinging on the ends H and I2 respectively, flows in the space above the normal water level toward the center of the drum thence into the dry pipe 40 through the perforations 44 and outwardly of the drum through the outlet 39. Should the end members 21 and 35 of the separators 2% and 33 be omitted, which may be desirable particularly in a drum of great length, steam will flow from'opposite ends of the separators into the space above the normal water level of the drum. The feed water, which enters the end sections [5 and I! through the perforations 22 in the feed pipe 2 I, mixes with the highly concentrated mixture of separated water and feed water in the end sections. The water in the end sections l5 and ll, with the exception of a very small quantity which leaks beneath weirs l3 and i9, flows out of said sections over the top of the weirs and into the central section I 6 thence outwardly of the drum through the downcomer connections 46. Steam entering the end sections 15 and H through the steam and water distributor pipe 23 is washed in the water in said sections and thereafter flows through 'the dry pipe 40 into'the outlet 39. When the steam generating apparatus, of which the drum iD is a part, is closed down and it is desired to drain the drum It, the water in sections 15 and I1 drains beneath the weirs through the space 20' into the central section 16 thence outwardly thereof through the downcomer connections 46.

Although the invention has been disclosed as embodied in a steam and water drum adapted to receive steam from two sources of generation or two steam outlets from the same source, it will be understood that the invention may be used in a drum adapted to receive any form of vapor'from but one source of generation or from one steam outlet of one source. It will also be understood that the drum may be constructed so that the riser tubes discharge into a separator positioned in the center of the drum which separator is adapted to discharge separated vapor and liquid into a central section thereof into which section the feed water is discharged. In such a construction, water will be withdrawn from the drum by downcomers in communication with the opposite end sections of the drum into which sections water from the central section flows. If desired, the drum may be divided into more than three separate sections by positioning more than two spaced weirs therein. Also, the drum may be constructed and arranged so that the weir plates divide the drum into longitudinally extending sections instead of transversely errtending sections. The steam.- and waten anw theifeed water would, as in the form of theinventiom showmbe discharged into some 'of the sections; the: steam thereafter being passed? from the; and: the water passed to: another section: or sections: in the: drum: whence. it' flows. into downcomers;

It will beunderst'ood'that changes zmaylbeimade inthe form,- locationandirelative arrangement of theparts-of? the apparatus shown and?descril'aed hereinv without departing: from: the: principles ot the: invention which is: not: to: be limitedii excepte ing by the: scope or the appendedi claims.

What'is claimed is:-'

1'. Ina vapor and'liquid drum, means beneath the normal liquid level in the. drur'n dividing: said drum intoa plurality: of sections,- one of said sections= having discharge meansin communica ti'ontherewith vapor outlet means in com-muni-v cation with the drum above the normal liquid level therein; means for introducing feed liquid into another section; va-por'and liquid separating means above the normal water level-in-thedrum adjacent said other section and comprising a chamber having a discharge opening adapted: to

' discharge vapor towar the end of't-he drum; said separating means'having an" impingement membertherein and extending belowthe normaPwa-ter level; and means forintroducing; a mixture of liquid and vapor into said separating means so asto impinge on saidimpingement member'and thereby separate the vapor outlet means.

2; In a substantially horizontallyextending vapor and liquid drum; longitudinally spaced; transversely extending weirs" in the lower part of the drum and extending upwardly; to a point short of the normal liquid leveliin' the drum said' weirs dividing the drum into an intermediate section and end sections adjacent opposite ends of the drum and extending. upwardly. to, a point upper part of the .drumabove the .normaL water; leveL therein adjacent each end. section and; adapted tosdise chargeseparated, vapon into; thedrum and; liquid intotsaideend sections,v and: means :for introducing.

vapor-"passing: outward vapor. outlet means.

4; In. a. substantially; horizontally extending. vapor and; liquid; drum; longitudinally. spaced, transversely extending.

' aratedvapor toward the adjacent end of'thedrum and'todischarge the liquid'iinto said endsections, andimeansfor. introducing a mixture of liquid 6.1m. a substantiallyhorizontally extending vapor. and; liquid drum, longitudinally spacedmunication with the intermediate section, vapor outlet means connected to the'drum: above the normal liquid level therein, a feed liquid conduit extending longitudinally of the drum and into said end sections and adapted to discharge liquid into the end sections, and means for introducing liquid and vapor into the drum and delivering the liquid component of said mixture into the end sections, the arrangement being such that liquid flows from the end sections into the intermediate section and is discharged therefrom through said discharge means, the vapor passing outwardly of the drum through the vapor outlet means.

7. In a substantially horizontally extending vapor and liquid drum, longitudinally spaced, transversely extending weirs in the lower part of the drum and extending upwardly to a point short of the normal liquid level in the drum, said weirs dividing the drum into an intermediate section and end sections adjacent opposite ends of said intermediate section, discharge: means in communication with the intermediate section, vapor outlet means connected to the drum above the normal liquid level therein, a feed liquid conduit extending longitudinally of the drum and into said end sections and adapted to discharge liquid into theend sections, a conduit extending longitudinally of the drum and adapted to discharge a mixture of liquid and vapor into theend sec tions, vapor and liquid separating means in the upper part of the drum above the normal water level therein adjacent each end section and adapted to discharge separated vapor toward the ends of the drum and discharge liquid into said end sections, and means for introducing a mixture of liquid and vapor into the liquid and vapor separating means, the arrangement being such that liquid flows from the end sections into the intermediate section and is discharged therefrom through said discharge means, the vapor passing outwardly of the drum through the vapor outlet means. r

8. In a substantially horizontally extending vapor and liquid drum, longitudinally spaced, transversely extending weirs in the lower part of the drum and extending upwardly to a point short of the normal liquid level in the drum, said weirs dividing the drum into an intermediate section and end sections adjacent opposite ends of said intermediate section, discharge means in communication with the intermediate section, vapor outlet means connected to the drum above the normal liquid level therein, vapor drying means through which the vapor passes in flowing to said outlet, a feed liquid conduit extending longitudinally of the drum and into said end sections and adapted to discharge liquid into the end sections. a conduit extending longitudinally of thedrum and adapted to discharge a mixture of liquid and vapor into the end sections, vapor and liquid separating means in the upper part of the drum above the normal waterlevel adjacent each end section, said means comp sing a chamber having an impingement member therein extending below the normal water level in the drum, and a discharge opening in communication with the end section below the normal liquid level, and means for introducing a mixture of liquid and vapor into the separating means so as to impinge on said impingement member and thereby separate the liquid and vapor, the arrangement being such that liquid flows from the impingement member into the end sections and from the end sections into the intermediatesection and is discharged therefrom through said discharge means, the

vapor passing outwardly of, the drum through the vapor outlet means.

. 9. In a vapor and liquid drum,,means for dividing the lower portion of the drum into a plurality of sections, means for delivering liquid to one section below the normal liquid level therein, means for delivering vapor to the drum, means for delivering the liquid component of a vapor andliquid mixture into said one section, the dividing means being constructed and arranged so that liquid in the one section flows from said section to another section in the drum at a substantial distance above the bottom of the drum, and means for separately withdrawing vapor from the drum and liquid from said other section.

10. In a vapor and liquid drum, means for dividing the lower portion of the drum into a plurality of sections, means for delivering liquid to one section below the normal liquid level therein, means for delivering vapor to the drum above the normal liquid level and adjacent said one section, vapor and liquid separating means disposed in the drum to receive said vapor and constructed and arranged to discharge separated vapor into the drum and separated liquid into said onesection, the dividing means being constructed and arranged so that liquid in the one section flows from said section to another section in the drum at a substantial distance above the bottom of the drum, means for separately withdrawing liquid from said other section, and means for withdrawing vapor from the drum.

11. In a vapor and liquid drum, means for dividing the lower portion of the drum into a plurality of sections, means for delivering liquid to one section below the normal liquid level therein, means for delivering vapor to the'drum above the normal liquid level and adjacent said one section, vapor and liquid separating means disposed in the drum to receive said vapor and constructed and arranged to discharge separated 12. In a vapor and liquid drum, means for dividing the lower portion of the drum into a plurality of sections, means for delivering liquid to one section below the normal liquid level therein, means for delivering vapor to the drum above the normal liquid level and adjacent said one section, vapor and liquid separating means disposed in the drum to receive said vapor and constructed and arranged to discharge separated vapor into the drum and separated liquid into said one section, means for conducting a liquid treating agent to said one section below the normal liquid level therein, the dividing means being constructed and arranged So that liquid in the one section flows from said section to another section in the drum at a substantial distance above the bottom of the drum, means for separately withdrawing liquid from said other section, and meansfor withdrawing vapor from the drum.

13. In a vapor and liquid drum, means beneath the normal liquid level in the drum dividing said drum into a plurality of sections, one of said sections having discharge means in communication therewith, vapor outlet means in communication with the drum above the normal liquid level therein, means for introducing feed liquid into another section, vapor and liquid separating means above the normal waterlevel in the drum adjacent said other section and comprising a chamber adapted to discharge vapor into the drum, said separating means having an impingement member therein and extending below the normal water level, and means for introducing vapor, the arrangement being such that the separated liquid flows from the impingement member into said other section and the liquid in the other section passes into said one section and is discharged therefrom through the discharge means, the vapor passing outwardly of the drum through the vapor outlet means.

14. In a vapor and liquid drum, means beneath the normal liquid level in the drum dividing said drum into a plurality of sections, one of said discharge means, of the drum through the vapor outlet means.

15. In a vapor and liquid drum, means beneath the normal liquid level in the drum dividing said drum into a plurality of sections, one of said sections having discharge means in communication therewith, vapor outlet means in communication with the drum above the normal liquid level therein, means for introducing feed liquid into a'mixture of liquid and vapor another section, vapor and liquid separating means above the normal water level inthe drum adjacent said other section and comprising a chamber adapted to discharge vapor into the drum, said separating means having an impingement member therein and extending below the normal water level, the dividing means being constructed and arranged so that liquid in said other section flows therefrom into said one section at a substantial distance above the bottom of the drum to be discharged from said one section through the discharge means, and means for introducing a mixture of liquid and vapor into said separating means so as to impinge on said impingement member and thereby separate the liquid and vapor, the arrangement being such that the separated liquid flows from the impingement member into said other section, the vapor passing outwardly of outlet means.

separating means having 7 ber therein, the dividing means being constructed and arranged so that liquid in said other section flows therefrom into said one section at a substantial distance above the bottom of the drum to be discharged from said one section through the discharge means, and means for introducing into said separating means so as to impinge on said impingement member and thereby separate the liquid and vapor, the arrangement being arated liquid flows from the impingement member into said other section, the wardly of the drum through the vapor outlet means.

ROBERT V. JONES.

' ALBERT C. FOSTER. EDWARD R. KILSBY.

the drum through the vapor such that the sepvapor passing out- 

